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Notes from the people building it.

Engineering deep-dives, architecture decisions and the reasoning behind them.

Ali Nazari

The Cost of a Wrong Reading

Measurement uncertainty is usually treated as a metrology footnote. Priced properly it is an economic quantity, and it decides how much instrument a given measurement deserves.

measurement uncertaintyinstrumentationmetrology
Ali Nazari

Serial to Ethernet: Moving RS-485 Devices Without Rewiring the Plant

A serial gateway looks like a wire replacement and behaves like a protocol change. Timing, addressing and error handling all move, and each one has a way of biting late.

ModbusRS-485serial gateway
Ali Nazari

Redundancy That Actually Fails Over

Most redundant systems have never failed over under the conditions that will occur. The common defects are shared dependencies, untested switchover and a standby that was silently dead.

redundancyhigh availabilityreliability
Ali Nazari

What Goes in a Site Survey Before You Quote

Nearly every change order on an industrial installation traces back to something a two-hour site visit would have found. Here is the list that visit should cover.

site surveyproject deliverycommissioning
Ali Nazari

Buy, Build, or Integrate

The decision is usually made on the wrong axis — cost to first version — when the axis that determines the outcome is who maintains it in year four.

make or buyprocurementtechnical strategy
Ali Nazari

How Often to Recalibrate, and How to Know

Annual calibration is a convention, not an answer. The interval should come from observed drift and from what a wrong reading costs — and most plants have the data to work it out.

calibrationmetrologyinstrumentation
Ali Nazari

What Breaks When You Add a Second Site

A system built for one plant contains assumptions nobody wrote down. The second plant finds every one of them, and it is cheaper to find them on purpose.

multi-sitearchitecturescaling
Ali Nazari

What a Vibration Sensor Can and Cannot Tell You

Vibration monitoring finds bearing faults, imbalance and misalignment well. It finds many other things badly. Knowing which is which decides whether the programme survives its first year.

condition monitoringvibration analysispredictive maintenance
Ali Nazari

How to Number Your Tags

A naming convention is not bureaucracy. It is the difference between a historian you can query and forty thousand points nobody can find, and it is nearly impossible to fix later.

tag namingSCADAdata modelling
Ali Nazari

Choosing an Enclosure: What Actually Kills Electronics in the Field

IP ratings describe a laboratory test, not a plant. The real failure mechanisms are condensation, thermal cycling, chemical attack and vibration — and the rating tells you almost nothing about any of them.

enclosuresIP ratingenvironmental design
Ali Nazari

Power Budgets for Battery Sensors: Why Ten Years Becomes Eighteen Months

The datasheet says ten years. The field says eighteen months. The gap is always in the same five places, and all of them are calculable before you build anything.

battery lifelow power designLPWAN
Ali Nazari

Why Your Network Diagram Is Wrong

Every plant has a network drawing, and every plant that has actually measured its network has found the drawing incomplete. What discovery turns up, and how to survive the result.

OT networksasset inventorynetwork discovery

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